Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a crucial aspect of our health that often goes unnoticed. Poor air quality in buildings can lead to a range of health issues, from minor irritations to serious long-term conditions. Understanding the risks and knowing how to improve IAQ can help create a healthier living and working environment.

Health Impacts of Poor Indoor Air Quality

Poor IAQ can cause both short-term and long-term health problems. Short-term effects include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Long-term exposure can lead to more severe conditions such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and even cancer. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly at risk.

Common Sources of Indoor Air Pollution

Indoor air pollution can come from various sources, including:

• Biological contaminants: Mold, dust mites, and pet dander can significantly degrade air quality.
• Outdoor air: Pollutants from outside can enter buildings through windows, doors, and ventilation systems.
• Building materials: Paints, varnishes, and certain types of flooring can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
• Household products: Cleaning agents, air fresheners, and personal care products can emit harmful chemicals.

By the Numbers:

• Time Spent Indoors: On average, Americans spend about 90% of their time indoors, where the concentrations of some pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than typical outdoor concentrations.
• Global Impact: Approximately 91% of the world’s population breathes air that exceeds the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline limits for pollutants.
• Indoor vs. Outdoor Pollution: Indoor concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can be at least 10 times higher than outdoor levels, regardless of the building’s location.
• Health Consequences: Household air pollution was responsible for an estimated 3.2 million deaths per year in 2020, including over 237,000 deaths of children under the age of 52.
• Premature Deaths: The combined effects of ambient (outdoor) air pollution and household (indoor) air pollution are associated with 6.7 million premature deaths annually.

Improving Indoor Air Quality with Better Air Filters

One effective way to improve IAQ is by using high-quality air filters. Here are some suggestions:

• MERV13 Filters: Arguably the most cost-effective option. Capable of capturing 85% of particles down to 1.0 micron and 50% of particles down to .3 microns. Substantial improvements will be seen over typical MERV 8 filters.
• HEPA Filters: High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are capable of trapping 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns, including dust, pollen, and mold spores.
• Activated Carbon Filters: These filters are excellent for removing odors and VOCs from the air. They work by adsorbing pollutants onto a bed of activated carbon.

Additional Tips for Maintaining Good Air Quality

• Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation by opening windows and using exhaust fans to reduce indoor pollutant levels.
• Regular Cleaning: Keep your living and working spaces clean by vacuuming, dusting, and maintaining HVAC systems.
• Humidity Control: Use dehumidifiers to maintain optimal humidity levels and prevent mold growth.

By taking these steps, you can significantly improve the air quality in your building, leading to a healthier and more comfortable environment for everyone.